Fiber optic cables are essential components in modern data transmission infrastructure. They support high-speed, interference-resistant communication and are particularly effective in applications that require high bandwidth, low latency, and strong signal integrity. It enabled the spread of the internet, cloud services, mobile data, and digital collaboration by carrying information as light pulses across continents and under oceans. A new solution is emerging: hollow-core fiber (HCF), which uses an air-filled core. By letting light. Hollow-core optical fibers (HCFs) have unique properties like low latency, negligible optical nonlinearity, wide low-loss spectrum, up to 2100 nm, the ability to carry high power, and potentially lower loss then solid-core single-mode fibers (SMFs). These features make them very promising for.